Mandatory Vs. Voluntary Vaccincations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Compulsory Vs. Intentional Vaccincations - Essay Example It is along these lines significant for those worried to comprehend the advantages and disadvantages of the two sides of the issue. There are consistently various components to consider in the two cases and these variables must be introduced in the most definitive and orderly way for their dynamic advantage. Perisic and Bauch (2009) have pushed the perspective of specific scholars with regards to deliberate immunization. It is their conviction that â€Å"it ought to be troublesome or difficult to annihilate an antibody preventable ailment under intentional inoculation: Herd insusceptibility infers that the individual motivator to immunize vanishes at high inclusion levels. â€Å" Therefore they accept that compulsory inoculations won't have any constructive outcome on the strength of the individual youngster. Their hypothesis, depends on chronicled records of the declining adequacy of immunizations, for example, the MMR antibody and entire cell pertussis antibody. In spite of the f act that there is some exactness to their conviction, Perisic and Bauch (2009) put together their reports with respect to considers that were directed in a controlled domain for kids, for example, little networks where their presentation to air borne sickness and so forth can be controlled and forestalled. Be that as it may, there are additionally sure scholars who accept the inverse is likewise evident. Implying that for an enormous scope setting, leaving a youngster unprotected/non-inoculated puts himself and the kids around him in danger of disease and makes a system and sleeper transporters all the while. Once of the scholars who accept something contrary to Persic and Bauch is Sullivan (2010) who has attempted to get social insurance laborers the nation over immunized against the most widely recognized infections so as to ensure the individuals around them and the individuals they care for. It is the conviction of Sullivan (2010) that this absence of obligatory inoculation has prompted the production of grown-up infections bearers and permitting the change of infections en route which can undoubtedly taint both the youthful and old because of the introduction that the social insurance laborers have at work. Advocates of deliberate inoculations guarantee that it is futile to get immunized on the grounds that the administration and our researchers keep on producing blemished antibodies this is as per Wu and Wang (2011). Taking into account that there have been occurrences wherein and person's safe frameworks neglects to assimilate and fend off the controlled infection by means of inoculation, the individuals who bolster compulsory immunization accept that it is smarter to be immunized more often than not. They base their contention on what they consider to be a reality. That the legislature would have ended the immunization advancement area ages back. The discussion on whether to permit compulsory of deliberate immunizations helps me to remember a similar d iscussion seething on inside the HIV people group. Despite the fact that people in general acknowledges how effectively the HIV infection can be transmitted from the mother to the kid in the belly, HIV constructive ladies despite everything decline obligatory HIV testing during pregnancy (Armstrong, 2008). The required versus willful HIV testing strategy during pregnancy is as yet a fervently discussed issue in our cutting edge times. On the inoculation front, the significant supporters of the intentional immunization issue, to be specific the concerned guardians, add that their convictions relating to

Expansion of Aritizia Boutique Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Development of Aritizia Boutique - Research Paper Example With a populace of more than 800000 individuals, Indianapolis is the biggest of the three urban communities. Colorado Springs follows second and last is Ann Arbor. The financial markers of the three urban communities are additionally acceptable. All have a higher work rates. The city with the most elevated work rates is Ann Arbor. Rivalry is a significant test in the three urban communities. All the three urban communities have settled Boutiques in the market with the main in rivalry being Indianapolis. Colorado Springs additionally has various boutiques, which has been in the market for quite a while. Atmosphere anyway is in favor of Colorado Springs. With more than 300 days of daylight, Colorado Springs remains the best spot to sell light garments. Contrasting all the above components, Colorado Springs is the best city to extend the Aritizia products.â This exploration includes taking a gander at the different urban communities that the extension is to happen and distinguishing t he different parts of the city that will make it the best choice for development. After all the information is gathered, investigation happens to concoct the best city among the different alternatives. In this paper, investigation of three urban communities happens to know which among them, suits the best alternative for development of Aritizia boutique. The three urban communities are; Indianapolis, in Indiana, Ann Arbor, of Michigan and Colorado springs of Colorado. The fundamental wellsprings of data utilized in this paper originate from different books about the little American urban communities, the web and different papers. Examination of the populace pattern of every city, its general monetary gathering in the previous decade comes to fruition to show the best city among the three urban areas listed.â â

Even Waitresses Under 30 Call Me Sweetheart

Even Waitresses Under 30 Call Me ‘Sweetheart’ (Hey, I never finished those entries from the summer, so I have to sprinkle the remaining photos in somehow.) ;-) I was dining in Providence Saturday night, and the waitress serving my table, who couldnt have parted ways with her mid-20s long ago, kept asking variations of How is everything, Sweetheart? in the manner of an elderly grandmother. I started thinking a bit about age and about what it means to be eighteen, anyway, and what I should be doing here before its too late. Certainly, the first and foremost purpose of going to college is to learn, but Im torn about whether that means classroom learning, or something else entirely. Im not terribly interested in the core freshman classes I mean, really my lifes work and calling do not lie in the theoretical disciplines of calculus, chemistry, and physics. Heck, my seatmate on the train, Freddie, thought I was a musician at first glance! And coming from what essentially amounted to a two-year break from school, Im finding that my passions consistently lead me out of the classroom and into projects more applied or practical. Luckily, at MIT, many of the classes you take outside of the core will do this for you anyway. :-) My advising seminar, 1.A24, has proved to be a worthy contender for most intriguing class this term. We meet for an hour and a half every Monday afternoon to nibble on biscuits and talk about transportation challenges around the Boston area. Weve examined the various subway lines here as well as historical transit maps from decades past, and weve all compared the levels of public transit available in our respective hometowns. Our latest assignment involves measuring the bus service on Massachusetts Avenue to determine the estimated average waiting time for a randomly arriving passenger. Tetazoo hallmate Brian and I set out for the front steps of MIT on Wednesday evening, and counted both numbers of passengers and arrival times for two Boston bus routes. The results gathered by the participants of our seminar will be sent to MBTA executives, who use them for quality control purposes. :-) Next Monday, well be going to the MBTA Control Center on a field trip to see how Bostons subways and bus lines are managed and controlled, and then well have dinner somewhere downtown as a group. I genuinely enjoy my humanities class, Becoming Digital. We meet for an hour and a half on Tuesdays and Thursdays, and the ten students sit in a circle of chairs with the professor to discuss ethical and social implications of the evolution of media. As it is a writing class, there are about two essays due per month, each with a draft and a revision. Aden, the professor (yes, he insists we call him by his first name, which I think is awesome), returns detailed, very helpful commentary after each submission. Our last assignment involved the consideration and comparison of two images from very different eras, in search of something interesting and provocative they share. From the assignment: The nature of the comparison is up to you, and the strength of your essay will likely rest on whether you find an interesting claim to make about the juxtaposition of these two images. Whatever you choose to say, you should support your contentions with close examination of the images themselves, o ffering concise, descriptive language to capture the relevant aspects of the images. The images were New York City by Robert Frank, taken in 1955, and an image of Klaus from Inez van Lamsweerdes The Forest series, from 1995. (Take a look at the other images from The Forest.) Forty years separate these images, but we looked at the common questions of gender identity they each raise. (left: New York City, right: The Forest (Klaus)) The images in the Forest series have been digitally manipulated and include the subtle substitution of female body parts (hands, mouths). What stands out to you when you view these pictures? (Feel free to comment.) We spent several class periods examining and discussing these, as well as other, photographs, and the discourse was always fascinating and insightful. Our current assignment asks us to examine ethical questions raised by, and in the context of, the Internet. As found on the materials page for the course, we read various articles on topics such as plagiarism, copyright, file sharing, security, pornography, and piracy, and formulated our thoughts both in three-person class groups and in emailed predraft assignments. Many chose to focus on the issues of copyright and piracy, but I picked a different approach: examining the cultural effects the Internet (particularly, chat and instant messaging) has had on interpersonal communication and relationships, and why they present an ethical dilemma. Heres how awesome MIT can be. From reading Adens comments on my predraft, I learned that a faculty member in our very own Program in Science, Technology, and Society has authored definitive works on the subject. Professor Sherry Turkles books include Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet and The Second Self: Computers and the Human Spirit, and she is the founder of MITs new Initiative on Technology and Self, which is working to create a center for reflection and research on the subjective side of technology and to raise the level of public discourse on the social and psychological dimensions of technological change. Aden pointed me to an exceptionally relevant article by Turkle in Wired Magazine, and I encourage you to give it a read if this topic sounds at all interesting. Ill likely be checking her books out of the library to use as material inspiration for my essay. (MITs libraries have several copies of each available.) Much of being a freshman here (and of being on pass/no record grading) is finding the equilibrium between what you do in class and what you do out of class. I live on a very interesting and active hall in East Campus, and if Im ever not doing homework, chances are people are both awake and doing something compelling. Yes, thats right, I dont think there is one hour of the day when less than two or three people are up and around. And with all that Boston (and the region) has to offer, spontaneous subway rides to and fro, events I learn about through the email, and requisite mealtime jaunts, its difficult to find much free time to speak of. This phenomenon has somewhat negative consequences of productivity. First of all, it leads to less studying and homework time, which directly translates into markedly lower exam scores. I cant stress enough that time management is every freshmans gravest folly. Even if you have the good sense to conduct yourself in a legal, moral manner away for the first time from parental supervision, youll probably still have trouble managing all of your new stimuli. I know I am. Second, any long-term projects or commitments you thought youd freely continue after coming to MIT tend to [at least temporarily] lose the personal significance they once had. The amount of activities and opportunities here is overwhelming. Some personal examples? Im carrying my job forward on a limited work schedule throughout the term, and its been difficult to juggle that along with everything else (though this will change as I further refine my schedule and time management this month). I was working on a train schedule archiving project as a personal endeavor, and thats been pushed back, too. My rooms a bit disorganized, my online time has markedly decreased, and my priorities are generally transforming with each new week. Is it possible to juggle outside commitments, like a job, alongside your academic obligations and everything else? Yes, but you need to be disciplined and devoted to making it work. I think I read once that the average working MIT student spends nine hours per week on his or her job. Thats probably a suitable amount if youve got your time management in check, which I dont, yet. As if to encourage the culture of procrastination :-), my hall has a tradition of cooking things in the kitchen for consumption by the residents at large, often during times of study. I suppose its a way for the people cooking to put off work, and the end result is a way for those eating to put off work. Whether its someones birthday and theres a cake, or whether its just any old day and someones making cookies, its a tradition to run up and down the hall yelling pancakes!. This summons students hard at work from their chambers and into the Goodale lounge and kitchen for some victuals of great promise. In the image above, freshman Stephanie and sophomore Rod are dealing with some baking concerns while senior Kevin thoughtfully munches in the background. A shirtless Nick, orange Caltrans shirt-sporting Ryan, and a couple of others complete the scene. And yes, this occurred while I was writing this entry, hence the inclusion. ;-) So what are we really supposed to be learning in college? The practical skills with which well secure a lucrative job upon graduation? Or are we really here to forge a better understanding of who we are, using our time and effort in class to steer us toward the rest of our lives? My idealistic side favors the latter, and I suppose Ill trust my instinct and continue to explore. After all, thats what Id do anyway, even if I werent at MIT.

Links Ideas Together in French With Conjunctions

Compare And Contrast Joyce Carol Oates And Where Are You...

It’s inevitable that no one is perfect, yet it doesn’t stop us from trying to achieve the unachievable by molding ourselves to fit into the standards that society has brought upon us . Tillie Olsen; the writer of Tell Me A Riddle ; as well as Joyce Carol Oates; the author of Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been; both wrote their stories in the 1960’s, however both capture an interesting topic that can be related to present-day situations. Both Olsen and Oates unveil to the reader the idea that intense yearning for societal approval comes from a lack of attention and acceptance from a loved one. Olsen and Oates feature both their protagonists to be compared to their sisters, while at the same time they go through issues with their†¦show more content†¦Emily’s mother comments â€Å"[Susan is] everything in appearance and manner Emily is not†; (Olsen, pg. 5), which links back to the build up of Emily showcasing self doubt, and wanting to change herself. This also correlates to Emily’s yearning for attention from society as she feels that she isn’t gaining any from her mother;as she doesn’t have the fitting look; and that is all she is striving for silently. â€Å"Susan telling jokes and riddles to company for applause while Emily sat silent (to say to me later: that was my riddle Mother, I told it to Susan)† (Olsen, pg. 5). This I feel is the last resort Emily takes to get the attention from her mother. She feels that Susan is taking all the attention, and at this point the applause and praise should be going to her, not Susan. Emily telling the mother is the key point in where she is trying to tell her that this attention should be coming towards her instead. Connie seeks for societal approval else where as she takes on an effort to make herself more appealing in a sexual manner as part of her search for her independence. Connie also believes that her mother doesn’t appreciate what she has and she is being compared to her older sister and doesn’t feel a sense of belonging in her family. â€Å"Why don’t you keep your room clean like your sister?/ How’ve you got your hair fixed–whatShow MoreRelated Comparing Where Are you going, Where Have You Been and Hills Like White Elephants1320 Words   |  6 Pagesof great stories often use good technical writing skills. The purpose of this essay is to compare and contrast two short stories: Where Are you going, Where Have You Been by Joyce Carol Oates and Hills Like White Elephants by Earnest Hemingway. The comparison and contrast will be done based on their use of plot, point of view and character development. The short story where are you going, where have you been is about a teenage girl who is, vain, self-doubting and affixed in the present. She doesRead MoreThe Invisible Man Character Analysis1150 Words   |  5 Pagesand Joyce Carol Oates utilize negative emotions of their characters in order to showcase the complexities of their motives. Griffin, the protagonist of the book The Invisible Man, is egotistical and selfish, but this is just his outer emotions. Throughout the story there are hints at a complex background behind the famed invisible man that contribute to the reason for his erratic behavior. This is the same with the Arnold Friend, the main antagonist for Wells short story Where Are You Going, WhereRead MoreEssay on Franz Kafkas Use of Humor1619 Words   |  7 PagesFranz Kafkas Use of Humor Franz Kafka, born on July 3, 1883 in Bohemia, in the city of Prague, has been recognized as one of the greatest writers of the twentieth century. His works have been called cloudy, mysterious, inexplicable (Oates ix). Most people hear the term Kafkan or Kafkaesque and think of dark, fantastic tales with almost no basis in our known reality. But what of Kafkas sense of humor? I personally laughed out loud several times while reading Kafkas Amerika. Were these snippetsRead MoreWuthering Heights by Emily Bronte1979 Words   |  8 Pagesof Chris de Burgh, â€Å"It’s the classical dilemma, between the head and heart.† Love can cause people to do crazy things and act in irrational ways. They think of their love first before considering the consequences. Heartbreak can also cause people to have odd behavior. â€Å"Like an addict chasing a high, someone in love might act rather odd or lose inhibitions or their sense of judgement.† (â€Å"The Head versus the Heart †“ Is Love Rational?) In the following novels, the characters are blinded by love and passionRead MoreFailed Mother-Child Relationships in Margaret Atwood’s Oryx and Crake2805 Words   |  12 Pagesvoice†(44); placing mothers in the home reinforces patriarchal structures. Jimmy later realizesthat the animals were able to adapt successfully to the wild; they survived when mosthumans did not. He considers the possibility that his mother may have been better offby leaving also. Atwood seems to make an underlying argument for allowing morefreedom for women/mothers here that continues from The Handmaid’s Tale.Jimmy’s father attempts to fill the void left by his mother, but fails to compensateforRead MoreEudora Welty a Worn Path12166 Words   |  49 PagesCriticism 10. Compare and Contrast 11. Topics for Further Study 12. Media Adaptations 13. What Do I Read Next? 14. Bibliography and Further Reading 15. Copyright Introduction Eudora Weltys A Worn Path, first published in Atlantic Monthly in February, 1941, is the tale of Phoenix Jacksons journey through the woods of Mississippi to the town of Natchez. The story won an O. Henry Prize the year it was published and later appeared in Weltys collection The Wide Net. Since then, it has been frequentlyRead MoreEudora Welty a Worn Path12173 Words   |  49 PagesCriticism 10. Compare and Contrast 11. Topics for Further Study 12. Media Adaptations 13. What Do I Read Next? 14. Bibliography and Further Reading 15. Copyright Introduction Eudora Weltys A Worn Path, first published in Atlantic Monthly in February, 1941, is the tale of Phoenix Jacksons journey through the woods of Mississippi to the town of Natchez. The story won an O. Henry Prize the year it was published and later appeared in Weltys collection The Wide Net. Since then, it has been frequentlyRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesmultiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience.  » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  » www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS NEED! 2-Minute Tutorials and all of the resources you your students need to get started www.wileyplus.com/firstday Student support from an experienced student user

Role of Literature in the Age of Technology Free Essays

Literature refers to the realm of letters and the writings of a particular period, mostly those whose value lies in the beauty of form or emotional effect. Technology is the science of the industrial arts. Scientists have played an important role in promoting human welfare, but the benefits of science may not have reached the masses, at any rate in ample measure, without technological devices and practical applications. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Literature in the Age of Technology or any similar topic only for you Order Now We live in the world of both science and technology and many people, who take a rather superficial view of things, have begun to feel that in the technological world of tomorrow the role of literature seems poor. In fact, literature in its pure form is believed to have little relation with science and technology. Science provides knowledge and power and both science and technology affect human life at several points, though the extent and utility of the applications are determined by our culture, our wisdom and our priorities. Literature reflects the moods and emotions of the times in which it is produced; it is conditioned by the reflexes which, in turn, are created by the impact of science and technology. Modern technology increasingly dominates the world, and the domination is likely to become more pronounced in future, because of the fast developments tending to subdue creative human thinking and expression. But the belief that literature would have no place in future and in futuristic calculations is erroneous. There is no reason to believe that the mechanical way of life, in which our actions are governed more and more by computer culture and electronic calculators of all types, will destroy the talent of writers, authors, poets, biographers and artists. Technology does not discourage natural, multi faceted talent; rather, it generally promotes the climate for expressions of talent in countless channels. All round prosperity helps a great deal in creating literature of lasting value, and it is technology which has made many countries wealthy and prosperous. Jawaharlal Nehru cautioned us some four decades ago that it was only through the growth of technology that our country would become prosperous. In some cases technological development and automation may cause misery, through the resultant unemployment, for instance. But it has to be noted that both science and technology also provide additional avenues for employment; countries which boast of maximum employment, or nearly so, are those which are technologically advanced. In fact, our country may go down, instead of progressing fast, if we do not keep pace with technological developments and march in step, as far as possible, with the industrialised and technologically progressive nations. It is not only for the sake of the material benefits, the comforts and conveniences of life that we must opt for the latest technological processes, even by discarding our traditional practices, but for our art and literature, too, we shall have to make the best of technology, which would enable talented people to put in their best in art and literature. Some people think and they have a reason for doing so, that since science demolishes faith and tradition, it tends to produce scepticism, anxiety and even tensions, and it doubts everything, even cherished values. Science has eliminated superstitions. Technology helps to provide weapons of war; war stimulates technologists, but it depresses the artists and those who prepare literary pieces. Sensitivity and the urge to create new masterpieces get suppressed; reckless destruction, bloodshed and hostilities ruin the very climate that helps to create literature and artistic masterpieces. Culture and literature, after all, indicate the cultivation of man’s inner nature. Culture prompts men and women to seek perfection; they are not motivated by curiosity and the endless sense of enquiry which characterise scientists and technologists. Literature expresses feelings and innermost thoughts and ambitions, while technology has other ends and other fields to explore. Literature may at first appear to be out of place in a technological milieu, but surely scientists and technologists do not encroach upon the field of literature. There seems to be no reason why both literature and technology cannot flourish side by side. A society that is highly progressive technologically may also become rich in literature. We may take the example of the world’s most industrially advanced country and the mightiest military power, the USA, where technology has registered unprecedented achievements and yet the USA has produced rich literature. Technology results in affluence and prosperity and economic prosperity promotes good literature and masterpieces in the arts. So there is no contraction involved. It is only during war and the all out preparations for war, that literature gets a setback. Science and technology, it has been truly said, have radically altered the face of civilisation, but nothing, not even the most sophisticated mechanical devices and the most fruitful applications of new inventions, can change human nature or replace human being, who must indeed remain in effective command of all scientific inventions and their day-to-day application. Technology has created robots, artificial intelligence in the shape of â€Å"thinking computers† which can read, translate, interpret and give decisions with amazing speed and accuracy. But not even the most sophisticated technological advances can by themselves produce literature—poetry, prose, plays, novels and stories. In a sense, science and technology may be said to be of direct assistance in promoting literature, because they help to create leisure by introducing labour saving and time saving devices and by eliminating drudgery as well as duplication of effort. The leisure thus created can be put to literary pursuits. In such a context, the talk of a contradiction between technology and literature is not well founded. Scientific know how may thus be viewed as technology which, examined dispassionately, has an important bearing on arts and literature. Good literature makes a lasting impact on the human mind; it entertains, instructs and ennobles the spirit of human beings; it does not debase or corrupt the mind in any way, and it certainly does not lead to destruction of any section of mankind. Science and its handmaid, technology, however, have placed in the hands of man vicious and highly destructive tools in the shape of lethal weapons the like of which he has never had before. Literature builds, but technology, if misused by vicious statesmen and politicians may cause havoc on a massive scale, destroying both litterateurs and technologists without discrimination. Technology does make for concentration and centralisation of economic and political activity. A person’s individuality, sense of fraternity and selflessness tend to get eroded. Where there is less patronage of art and talent, there is bound to be less of literature of permanent value, because the right spirit and mood are not there to promote it. The depersonalisation of modern life which, it appears, will get stronger as the years pass, is likely to discourage writers and poets; misery, anguish and a generally noisy atmosphere are hardly conducive to the production of sound literature. But we need not give up all hope of a better world tomorrow, from the standpoint of culture and literature, simply because science and technology tend to predominate over human values. It is within the power and capacity of man, provided he exercises his sound judgment and pursues the right priorities to shape a better world, where literature flourishes along with industry and technology. How to cite Role of Literature in the Age of Technology, Essays

Repeated Debut of Mice and Men Story, Us Best-Seller over 15 Years, Written by John Steinbeck

Repeated Debut â€Å"of Mice and Men Story†, Us Best-Seller over 15 Years, Written by John Steinbeck â€Å"Of Mice and Men† it is a very famous work, which was written in 1937 by world-known storyteller and famous essay writer  John Steinbeck. A long   time ago, the story has been granted with the classic status. â€Å"Of Mice and Men† text is so powerful, but it is not as simple as   it may seem when you just begin to read it. Once more a bitter tale about â€Å"little† people. John Steinbeck’s Story The story of John Steinbeck shows us the tragic story of two hard workers in the Great Depression period in California. It concerns such concepts as â€Å"a dream†, â€Å"a guilt† and â€Å"a compassion†. The book is based on Steinbeck’s   personal experience, who worked in agriculture in 1920. Steinbeck does not differ some particular points, there are even pictures in black and white upon the eyes which help to feel complete the America’s atmosphere of those years. The author described everything so deep and clearly that no one could not pass heartless through this story. Be ready to hear and feel all voices, all sounds all emotions of that book. It is so hard to write an analysis about this work. There are so many thoughts in the head. The Great Depression,   America of The twenties, the lack of money and the most important thing for everyone is to survive by anyways. People plough to feed their families from morning till late at night, everyone is looking for a corner in this cruel world, everyone wants to find someone with whom you can just talk heart to heart, and whom to trust and each person has a dream, all of them dream about something internal, theirs own. George and Lenny â€Å"Of Mice and Men,† it is a very touching and tragic story about love and friendship, loyalty and unfulfilled dreams. Of course, the work wins with its characters described there. They are incredibly alive and realistic. Two friends, two vagrants, George, and Lenny have been searching for a work arrived at the following ranch. Lenny is the mentally retarded man, but a very good and strong one, George is his friend who always protects his companion who is in twice larger. They will never leave each other. Lenny, an amiable â€Å"idiot†, constantly forgets everything and is completely harmless, like a child, but he can harm himself and always brings trouble, that is why, George permanently have to keep an eye on him, and friends always travel from farm to farm. And they are dreaming of their own one: to breed chickens, pigs, rabbits and other animals, to plant a vegetable garden and walk on circuses and fairs. And only they will be the owner of all the farm and nobod y can expel them. Lenny is in some kind very unmindful and always asks George to repeat about what awaits them in the future, about the farm, about independence   The main thing is they are in each other: â€Å"Because I have you, and you have me†. Lenny sincerely believes in that dreams and George, always faithfully protecting his illusions and hopes, starts to believe in them too. How few people need to be happy and how much people need to be happy The destiny has always her own plans. Almost from the very first paragraph, this short story was imbued with some kind of despair. The fate smiles so rarely to   such simple hard workers like George and Lennie. First of all, the story is about a collapse of hopes, about something unrealizable, which always supports human life, even if he knows that this will never happen. In some moments, it is simply hurt to read this story because you start to pass it through yourself. So naive and timid mentally retarded people had to face with that cruel, vile and insolent world, and they are forced to live in it, looking in it with their uncomplicated innocent and kind eyes, expecting only the best. I would like to have a better world that would accept them. The author’s subtle and vital   description of all events and experiences, which are close to each of us. The story language is so simple and soulful. There are no frills, no cobwebs, and nevertheless, the characters fate and their relationship are so catchy that it is impossible to break away. After all, this is still a rarity, when two friends meet such loyalty and affection for each other, when they cherish common dreams about the future. This story is about the family responsibility,   taking responsibility for those â€Å"whom we have tamed†.   And on the difficult choice that could put lives. The story about the fact that our world is not black and white, but there are people and mice. The characters came to the story homeless and exhausted. They initially have the dramatic fate. A tragic outcome, which will wait in the final, in actual fact, was already predestined. The reader sees that with the naked eye. The harbinger of this is a dead mouse, which Lenny keeps in his pocket. Manslaughter more than once will appear in the story. But will the killing as a deliverance from suffering (the dog Stumpy). And, of course, the apotheosis of the book is George’s act. But it will not just murder. This rescue attempt. The act of self-denial, the recognition that there will be no happiness. At the same time, it is the highest manifestation of love that can take a terrible responsibility. Love and Responsibility The love and responsibility are here not just empty words. George and Lennie are connected with each other with the purely human love and devotion. It is clear seen from the text that they are not relatives, and George is not obliged to be responsible for the unlucky Lenny. But their love is based on Christian values. And we are talking not about loneliness, which so scares other   barracks inhabitants. The point is in the ability to feel love and pity for the man. That feature makes us different from mice. And the fairy tale about the future in their ranch, which George tells Lennie is a simple lie. Probably we will go against general opinion and say that this book is not about dreams destruction. It is about a high â€Å"Love† one person to another. Story’s Discrepancies Honestly saying there are bunch of inconsistencies which Steinbeck generously scattered throughout the text: Lenny, big and strong, but, in fact, the perfect child; Lenny’s remarkable strength and love for soft fluffy baby animals; The woman’s presence (à Ã‚ ¡urley’s wife) and totally masculine world of ranch; Stub, who is so tied to his old dog, but still allows to shoot it. A small, but SO strong story. Completely another story about little men, which disinterested friendship, wealth and poverty, the racism subject and attitudes toward mentally handicapped people. And, of course, about the dream, the light, and pipe. Everyone has a dream, it warms the soul in a difficult time and forces to live. The amazing book! So many feelings, emotions, thoughts, it is difficult to take a breath. It does not let go for a second, and you gulp page by page. This is the story of wealth and poverty, but first and foremost about the dream Unfortunately, which did not come true. And what a pity that our present live have nothing in differing with characters’ position. We also humpback from morning till night to feed our families,   dreaming, looking for better places in the life where we would be taken for what we are, without condemnation. We are hoping to find at least someone who can be trusted, but just to talk heart to heart. And the story end just broke at all. How much courage need   the person to decide on that? How deep need to be tied to the man to do so? And, what is the most importantly, how to live with it hereafter? It is unimaginable†¦ Do you have a dream? Is something like that, what do you want with all your heart? You think about it constantly, aiming for its execution? Then this book is for you. This book is worth to be read! And always keep dreaming, because there is no reason to live for without hope and something to believe inThe story is about a dream. About its creating and falling to the ground. To learn how to create those dreams, and how they crumble. The fact that even in the most critical situation the person is open to the dreams, and it warms person’s heart. The book opens something new in everybody, something that they even did not know about themselves. And more, the story has absolutely incredible end which no one expects

MLA Style Made Easy

MLA Style Made Easy When your teacher assigns a paper topic, you not only have to worry about what youre going to write about, where youre going to find your sources, but you also have to look up how the paper should be formatted and what your citations should look like both in the text and in your works cited.As a student of writing its highly likely that you will be assigned to research and write a paper in MLA style. MLA style, or Modern Language Association style, is commonly used for English literature, foreign language, literary criticism, comparative literature, and cultural studies papers. Luckily, many find this paper style to be one of the simplest to learn and write in (especially when compared to footnote-heavy Chicago Manual of Style or rule-heavy American Psychological Association Style).Lets take a deeper dive into what MLA style is, why its used, specific formatting advice, and examples you can use to guide you when writing your MLA formatted research paper.What is MLA Style?MLA style, a s we mentioned earlier, is most commonly used for research papers in the humanities and liberal arts. The MLA style guide dictates how research papers should be formatted and how sources should be cited. The MLA Handbook contains information on everything you need to know about writing a research paper in this style and will be available to you in a library for your reference.Though the MLA Handbook has very thorough guidelines on how to write an MLA research paper, its still important to read the directions from your teacher or professor carefully on your specific assignment. The handbook may not necessarily have all of the exact answers you may need, so if you need help its best to ask for the assistance of a teacher or a librarian to cover all your bases.Why do we use it?Right now you may be thinking to yourself, Why do these papers need to be in such specific formats? The answer is simple: to provide uniformity to papers so that they are readable. If research papers are written in a uniform way with citations to match then the reader can focus less on what the paper structure looks like and then the ideas from the paper can get more easily translated. Style guides also provide such specific formatting for citations because its important that when a writer has a claim to make that she can back it up with evidence to prove it, and also to make sure that she isnt plagiarizing.Though it may be difficult to see the reasoning while youre carefully making sure that each citation has a period at the end of the title and that the name of the journal is italicized, conforming to the style is crucial so that you gain credibility with your reader.How should my paper look when I write according to MLA style guidelines?Unless your professor or teacher has specific guidelines otherwise, your MLA style paper should be double spaced with 12-point font. Most papers use a standard font, such as Times New Roman, but you can use any easily readable font as long as the italiciz ed characters are distinguishable from its regular characters. MLA also requires that you use only one space after the end of a sentence.In addition to double spaces and fonts, MLA has outlined that your paper should be set up to have 1-inch margins on all sides (top, bottom, left, and right) so that your words arent running off the page. These settings can all be adjusted in your Microsoft Word tools at any time during the writing process. You should also have a header with your last name and a running page number in the upper right hand corner of the page. Some teachers may not want you to put a page number on the first page, so be sure to ask if there arent specific instructions on this matter.On the left hand side of the paper, you should have your name, instructors name, course, and date above your centered title (see image below for example). Every word in your paper title should be capitalized except for articles that arent at the beginning of the title (such as a, an, and th e), coordinating conjunctions (such as and, but, and or) and infinitives (for example: How to Write). If you ever have a question on which words shouldnt be capitalized in your title there are tools to help you make any adjustments, such as CapitalizeMyTitle.com. Though this tool is handy and quick, be sure to know the rules enough to spot any errors that the tool may give out.Here is an example of a MLA heading.Once you have your papers margins and headers sorted out, there are a few things to remember when you begin writing the body of the text. First, to continue the readability throughout the paper, MLA dictates that the first line of each paragraph is indented a 1/2 inch from the left margin. All you need to do to accomplish this is just to press the tab button, which gives you a cleaner and more exact result than pressing the space bar several times. Another thing to remember when writing in MLA style is to italicize titles of works, which is why its important to pick a font t hat distinguishes italics from regular text.Quotations and paraphrases should be attributed to the author by last name within the text with a page number (or line number if youre dealing with poetry) at the end in parentheses. Direct quotations that are longer than four lines should be set off in a block quotation that is 1/2 inch from the left margin. Note that block quotations do not need quotation marks to distinguish them. If the block quote spans several paragraphs in your source document, then indent the first line an additional 1/4 inch.Direct quotes from the author that are shorter than four lines can simply be written in the paragraph and can be set off by quotation marks. If you are adding any words to the quotation for explanatory reasons, use brackets ([]) to offset your words from the sources. If you are eliminating extraneous words from the direct quotation, use ellipses to indicate that the words are missing. To do this, simply type three periods in a row (†¦) an d the word program will automatically put in the correct amount of space needed. See the images below for more information on how to handle quotations.This is a sample MLA in-text direct quote.This is a sample MLA block quote.Does MLA use endnotes or footnotes?Endnotes or footnotes are very common in other styles, such as Chicago, but are not typically seen in MLA because it is thought that they can clutter up a page or distract the reader. The MLA guidelines restrict the usage of footnotes when they are referring to other works that may be useful for the reader to learn more on the subject. Occasionally you will also see explanatory notes, which give more details about a subject that dont necessarily fit with the theme of the paper.Though these are allowed, MLA format discourages their overuse, so use sparingly if you must. If you decide to put in these endnotes or footnotes, indicate them with a superscript number that goes after the period.How should my works cited look according to MLA style guidelines?The works cited page is one of the most important pieces of your research paper, as it lists all of the research you have cited throughout the paragraphs and lays them out for the reader to verify your facts. The works cited page is also one of the most labor-intensive parts of a research paper, and its crucial to know what goes into it while youre researching so you dont have to retrace your steps later on.There have been some updates with the newest edition of the MLA Handbook to keep up with the modern era of research. Before the eighth edition, each kind of citation had a particular way of being written up, but now that has all changed. According to the MLA website: Previous editions of the MLA Handbook provided separate instructions for each format, and new formats required additional instructions. In this groundbreaking new edition of its best-selling handbook, the MLA recommends instead one universal set of guidelines, which writers can apply to any t ype of source.Luckily for us, this new edition means that theres been a lot of simplification in the citation process. Still, you need to ensure that you are gathering all of the right ingredients for your citation.To begin putting together your works cited, you will need to start with a separate page in your document. The page should have a centered title that says, , with no underlining, italics, or bold applied. Like the other pages in the paper, be sure to double space your works cited page.The individual citations should have a hanging indent, which means that the first line of the citation is flush with the margin and the subsequent lines are indented 1/2 inch. This makes the citation easier for the reader to comb through. When it comes to capitalization of titles within a citation, use title caps for every word in a title except for articles, prepositions, or conjunctions (unless of course its the first word of a title). If the title is for a short work, such as a newspaper a rticle or a poem then use quotation marks. If the title is for a longer work, such as a book, use italics.Here is an example:An MLA citation should be as follows: Author. Title. Title of container (this could be an anthology, book, magazine, journal, newspaper), Other contributors to the work, Version, Number, Publisher, Publication Date, Location (this doesnt mean a literal location, but instead page numbers, URL, or DOI).Be sure that you are consulting your MLA Handbook for more specific instructions on citation guidelines, as this is just a loose example of what to expect.In previous versions of the MLA Handbook, the location was literally naming the city in which the book was published. Because many things are now published electronically, MLA has decided to drop that requirement in its eighth edition.When you are organizing your citations, they are to go in alphabetical order by authors last name. If your source has an unknown author, then the title comes first in the citation. Lastly, when citing an online source, a DOI (or a digital object identifier) is always preferred over a URL, if available.What else do I need to know about writing an MLA research paper?In addition to specific formatting issues, the MLA Handbook gives great advice on writing and grammar that are important for students to learn. Like any other kind of research paper, its crucial to check your spelling and to make sure that your facts are correct. Ensuring that your paper is adhering to MLA standards will give you credibility, and help you organize your research in a more efficient way.

Dictionary of Old Occupations and Trades

Dictionary of Old Occupations and Trades If you found someones occupation listed as a ripper  (seller of fish),  seinter (girdle maker), hosteler (innkeeper) or pettifogger (shyster lawyer), would you know what it meant?  The world of work has changed greatly from the times of our ancestors, causing many occupational names and terms to fall into disuse.   Ancestral Occupations If someone was a boniface or a gennaker, then they were an innkeeper. A peruker, or peruke maker, was someone who made wigs. And just because an individual was identified as a snob or snobscat, doesnt mean he was condescending. He may have been a cobbler or someone who repaired shoes. A vulcan not only refers to a  fictional extraterrestrial humanoid species in the Star Trek franchise but is also a traditional English term for a blacksmith. To further confuse the issue, some occupational terms had multiple meanings. Someone who worked as a chandler could be someone who made or sold tallow or wax candles, or soap, or they might be  a retail dealer  in provisions and supplies or equipment of a specified kind. Ships chandlers, for example, specialized in supplies  or equipment for ships, known as ships stores. Another reason you may not recognize a particular occupation is that abbreviations are and were commonly used in many records and documents. City directories, for example, often abbreviated occupations of city residents in an effort to save space and cut publication costs. A guide to the abbreviations can generally be found among the first few pages of the directory. It is also common to find certain longer occupational names abbreviated in census records, due to limited space on the census form. The instructions to enumerators for the U.S. federal census often provided specific instructions as to if or how occupations should be abbreviated. The 1900 census instructions, for example, state The space in column 19 is somewhat narrow, and it may be necessary to use the following abbreviations (but no others), followed by a list of acceptable abbreviations for twenty common occupations. Enumerator instructions in other countries may provide similar information, such as instructions to enumerators for the 1841 census of England and Wales. Why does it matter what work that our ancestors chose for their livelihood? As it still is today, the occupation is often an important part of who we are as individuals. Learning about the occupations of our ancestors can provide insight into their daily lives, social status, and possibly even the origin of our family surname. Including details of old or unusual occupations can also add a touch of spice to written family history. Resources Cant find what youre looking for? Additional sources for old and obsolete occupations and trades: Halls Genealogy Website - Old Occupation NamesSome of the definitions include in-depth information and interesting details.SteveMorse.org - Occupation Codes from the 1910–1940 U.S. CensusCant decipher an occupation from a 20th century U.S. census? Look for the code and then use the files provided by Steve Morse to connect the dots.Family Tree Researcher - Dictionary of Old OccupationsJane has an extensive list of unusual, old occupations on her website or, for a few dollars, you can purchase an easy reference ebook version.

CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS PAPER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS PAPER - Essay Example regulate US commerce in such a way so as to limit the constitutional implications for employees.2 Kudler Fine Foods’ employees are subject to these limitations, particularly with reference to freedom of speech and protection of privacy. These constitutionally protected rights take on an entirely different complexion within the workplace. In general a company is at liberty to monitor employee telephone calls between an employee and a customer for the purpose of quality control. However, once all the parties to the telephone conversation are located in the State of California, the state law makes it mandatory that the parties are aware either by a beep or tone signals or recorded message that the conversation is being recorded.4 This state law is mandated and indorsed by virtue of the Commerce Clause.5 However, telephone conversations between states are subject to Federal law and monitoring without warning is permissible.6 However, there is a national exception that requires an employer to cease and desist monitoring of a telephone conversation once it becomes clear that the telephone conversation is of a personal nature.7 The only real recourse for Kudler’s employees is to use either mobile telephones and/or payphones in order to protect their privacy in respect of personal telephone calls while on company pre mises. The same policy generally applies to email contents. Typically the law recognizes that computers in the workplace are the property of the employer and that will include the electronic mail system. The right to privacy with respect to email messaging in the work place was addressed by the California Court of Appeal in Bourke v Nissan 1993. In this case the California Court of Appeal ruled that an employee who used his or her employer’s electronic messaging system on the work place did not have a reasonable expectation of privacy and no claim for invasion of privacy could be sustained in the circumstances.8 Moreover, by virtue of the Computer

Systems analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Systems analysis - Essay Example How are they ever going to reach out to far-sought village areas in third world countries while innovating itself the way no other company has ever exceeded them? If such is the case, then Google has to expound the global reach of the internet not only literally but as well as figuratively. Reaching novel systems analysis and design also requires the need for first world countries to reach out to third world entities who are unable to out-race their first world counterparts. Information technology has not only been confounded to software and hardware problems, requirements, design, and analysis. With the fast rise of developed nations, companies like Google are also socially responsible for reaching out to rural communities and bring them outside their shells, gradually introduce them to global technology, and make them an active integral part of information technology. In today’s systems analysis and design, there is a need to emphasize social responsibility in order to accom plish one’s mission, vision, and goals. And what makes Google ahead of everyone else is that they were able to realize the need to devote their time, effort, energy, and resources to rural communities in India to be able to send the message that Google is here to help.

Strategies to Test for Rheumatic Heart Disease

Strategies to Test for Rheumatic Heart Disease Rheumatic heart disease remains a major public health problem in many parts of the world. While the incidence and prevalence of ARF and RHD have been decreasing in developed countries since the early twentieth century, they continue to be major causes of morbidity and mortality among young people in developing nations. It is estimated that there are more than 15 million cases of RHD worldwide, with 282,000 new cases and 233,000 deaths annually[1]. Globally, India contributes nearly 25%-50% of newly diagnosed cases, deaths, hospitalizations and burden of RHD.The earliest reporting of RHD was done in 1910. Even during the 1980s, hospital admission data suggested that RF and RHD accounted for nearly one-half to one-third of the total cardiac admissions at various teaching hospitals all over India. A more recent survey across various tertiary care hospitals found that hospital admission rates of RHD had declined (5%-26% of cardiac admissions). Population-based epidemiological data to ascertain the prevalence of RHD and their impact on community in India are lacking. A properly planned population study in 1993 reported a prevalence of 0.09% for RHD. Most of the epidemiological studies are school-based surveys. The reported prevalence of RHD varied from 1.8 to 11/ 1000 schoolchildren (average 6/1000) during the 1970s and 1980s, and 1-3.9/1000 during the 1990s.Studies using echocardiographic validation of clinical diagnoses show a much lower prevalence of RHD. The surveys conducted by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) also indicate a decline in the prevalence of RHD over decades. The epidemiology of rheumatic heart disease in India is of special interest as it may help to understand the effects of economic transition on this particular enigmatic disease. Critical appraisal of the published literature suggests the possibility of a real decline in the occurrence of the disease in some parts of the country, but a continuing onslaught in several other regions. The rate of decline seems to correlate more with improved public health facilities than with economic growth alone. However, the cumulative burden of the disease remains high, and sustained efforts for the prevention of rheumatic heart disease needs special attention [2]. Rheumatic fever is the most common cause of mitral stenosis. Other less common etiologies of obstruction to left atrial outflow include congenital mitral valve stenosis, , mitral annular calcification with extension onto the leaflets, cor triatriatum, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, left atrial myxoma, and infective endocarditis with large vegetations. Pure or predominant MS occurs in approximately 40% of all patients with rheumatic heart disease and a past history of rheumatic fever. In other patients with rheumatic heart disease, lesser degrees of MS may accompany mitral regurgitation (MR) and aortic valve disease. In temperate climates and developed countries, the incidence of MS has declined considerably over the past few decades due to reductions in the incidence of acute rheumatic fever. However, it remains a major problem in developing nations, especially in tropical and semitropical climates[3]. In normal cardiac physiology, the mitral valve opens during left ventricular diastole, to allow blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle. This flow direction will be maintained as long as the pressure in the left ventricle is lower than the pressure in the left atrium and the blood flows down the pressure gradient. Mitral stenosis (MS) is a mechanical obstruction during blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle. Obstruction happens due to thickening and immobility of the leaflets, thickening and fusion of the chorda tendinae or mitral annular and commissural calcification[4]. In rheumatic MS, the valve leaflets are diffusely thickened by fibrous tissue and/or calcific deposits. The mitral commissures fuse, the chordae tendineae fuse and shorten, the valvular cusps become rigid, and these changes, in turn, lead to narrowing at the apex of the funnel-shaped (fish-mouth) valve. Although the initial insult to the mitral valve is rheumatic, the later changes may be a nonspecific process resulting from trauma to the valve caused by altered flow patterns due to the initial deformity. Calcification of the stenotic mitral valve immobilizes the leaflets and narrows the orifice further. Thrombus formation and arterial embolization may arise from the calcific valve itself, but in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), thrombi arise more frequently from the dilated left atrium (LA), particularly from within the left atrial appendage. In normal adults, the area of the mitral valve orifice is 4-6 cm2. In the presence of significant obstruction, i.e., when the orifice area is reduced to To asscess the severity of obstruction hemodynamically, both the transvalvular pressure gradient and the flow rate must be measured. The latter depends not only on the CO but also on the heart rate. Increase in heart rate causes shortening of diastole proportionately more than systole and diminishes the time available for flow across the mitral valve. Therefore, at any given level of CO, tachycardia, including that associated with rapid AF, augments the transvalvular pressure gradient and elevates further the LA pressure. The LV diastolic pressure and ejection fraction (EF) are normal in isolated MS. In MS and sinus rhythm, the elevated LA and PA wedge pressures exhibit a prominent atrial contraction pattern (a wave) and a gradual pressure decline after the v wave and mitral valve opening (y descent). In severe MS and whenever pulmonary vascular resistance is significantly increased, the pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) is elevated at rest and rises further during exercise, often causing secondary elevations of right ventricular (RV) end-diastolic pressure and volume. In temperate climates, the latent period between the initial attack of rheumatic carditis and the development of symptoms due to MS is generally about two decades; most patients begin to experience disability in the fourth decade of life. Studies carried out before the development of mitral valvotomy revealed that once a patient with MS became seriously symptomatic, the disease progressed continuously to death within 2-5 years. In patients whose mitral orifices are large enough to accommodate a normal blood flow with only mild elevations of LA pressure, marked elevations of this pressure leading to dyspnea and cough may be precipitated by sudden changes in the heart rate, volume status, or CO, as, for example, with excitement, severe exertion, fever, severe anemia, paroxysmal AF and other tachycardias, sexual intercourse, pregnancy, and thyrotoxicosis. As MS progresses, lesser degrees of stress precipitate dyspnea, the patient becomes limited in daily activities, and orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea develop. The development of permanent AF often marks a turning point in the patients course and is generally associated with acceleration of the rate at which symptoms progress. Hemoptysis results from rupture of pulmonary-bronchial venous connections secondary to pulmonary venous hypertension. It occurs most frequently in patients who have elevated LA pressures without markedly elevated pulmonary vascular resistances and is rarely fatal. Recurrent pulmonary emboli, sometimes with infarction, are an important cause of morbidity and mortality rates late in the course of MS. Pulmonary infections, i.e., bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, and lobar pneumonia, commonly complicate untreated MS, especially during the winter months[3]. Mitral valve assessment with echocardiography should include the pattern of valve involvement and calcification, severity of stenosis, associated mitral regurgitation and other co-existent valve lesions and atrial chamber dilatation and function. Mitral stenosis can be assessed in parasternal, apical or subcostal views. As with any stenotic valve the main diagnostic feature in the parasternal long axis view. As in rheumatic MS, the anterior mitral leaflet (AMVL) shows diastolic doming or hockey-stick shape and the posterior mitral leaflet (PMVL) has restricted motion or is totally immobile. This doming is due to the reduced mobility of the valve tips compared to the base of the leaflets. Echocardiography can also adequately assess the Subvalvular apparatus changes such as thickening, shortening, fusion of chordal calcification. Color Doppler in this view with diastolic turbulence across the mitral valve confirms the diagnosis. On the other hand, Parasternal short axis view of the mit ral valve is used for assessing the leaflets thickening, fusion and calcification of commissures. The parasternal short axis view is also used to assess the mitral valve orifice area by planimetry of the mitral leaflets at the level of tips. The Following are different means of measurements by echocardiography to ascess the severity of MS. Planimetry of mitral valve at the level of the leaflets tips is done in parasternal short axis view. This method is a very familiar technique by 2D echocardiography but the same method can also be used in 3D echocardiography en-face view of mitral valve. However, newly developed QLAB software in 3D echo is now available for calculation of mitral valve orifice area which requires further validation. Calculation of mitral valve area (MVA) by pressure half-time (P1/2t) should be done in an apical four chamber view using continuous wave. Doppler Pressure half-time method is not valid immediately after percutaneous balloon mitral the Doppler curve. The gradient can be measured by tracing the dense outline of mitral diastolic inflow and the mean pressure gradient is automatically calculated. The severity can be assessed as mild (10) [4]. Both qualitative and quantitative evaluation of valvular heart disease can be improved by 3D echocardiography. Anyplane and paraplane analysis of a stenotic valve allows an accurate planimetry of the smallest orifice area. Zamorano et al demonstrated that 3DTTE is a feasible, accurate and highly reproducible technique for assessing the mitral valve area in patients with rheumatic MV stenosis. In a consecutive series of 80 patients, MV area was assessed by conventional echo Doppler methods and by 3DTTE, and results were compared with those obtained invasively.Compared with all other echo-Doppler methods, 3DTTE had the best agreement with the invasively determined MV area, and intra- and inter-observer variability of the method was very good. Zamorano et al also studied 29 patients undergoing percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty. 3DTTE had the best agreement with the invasively determined MV area, particularly in the immediate post procedural period; therefore, the method could be proposed as an ideal one throughout this procedure and could make invasive evaluation unnecessary in this setting. As part of these very important quantitative data, 3DTTE can be integrated with 2D evaluation in the qualitative morphology assessment of the MV. Commissures, leaflets, annulus calcifications and subvalvular structures can be visualized from different and unique planes facilitating the understanding of this complex apparatus. Vegetations, commissural diseases, subvalvular pathologies (tip of the leaflets/chordae/papillary muscles), clefts can be accurately diagnosed. So assessment of the severity of mitral valve stenosis requires accurate measurements of the Mitral valve orifice area (MVA). Direct measurement of the MVA can be performed by planimetry using two-dimensional echocardiography (2-D echo). Mitral valve area determined by planimetry reflects the anatomic orifice area and is largely independent of hemodynamic variables, left ventricular compliance and concomitant valvular disease. However, planimetry by 2-D echo requires significant experience and operator skill to define the correct image plane that displays the true mitral valve orifice. In addition, planimetry requires a parasternal short axis view of the mitral valve and is therefore limited to patients with favorable image quality from a parasternal window. To bypass the difficulty of a parasternal short axis view, Doppler traces of the diastolic transmitral flow is obtained from a four-chamber apical view and the mitral valve area is estimated using the pressure half-time (PHT). Ho wever PHT is influenced by hemodynamic variables, left ventricular compliance and concomitant valvular disease. Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (3-D echo) is a novel imaging technique that is expected to enhance the ability to perform planimetry of the mitral valve. 3D echo utilizes a matrix array echo probe to scan a pyramidal volume in real time. A precise cross-section of mitral valve orifice at the tips of the leaflets with correct plane orientation may provide more accurate assessment of MS severity than two-dimensional echocardiography. Thus it can eliminate one of the principle limitations of 2DE in determining MVA by planimetry. There is less inter- and intra-observer variation also during MVA calculation. Therefore, real-time 3D echo can be used as a practical and accurate method for planimetry of mitral valve areas. This study will be performed to evaluate the feasibility, reproducibility and accuracy of 3-D echo for the assessment of MVA over conventional 2D planimetry Doppler PHT methods.

Female foeticide Essay

This is the cry of an unborn girl. Female foeticide means killing an unborn girl. Man has covered a long distance from prehistoric ages to 21stcentury, during this long period of time; women had to face different eras. There was a time when worshipping god was considered incomplete without a female presence and there come such a time when she was kept behind† pardah† ,bounded within the boundaries of her own home, many evils surrounding her and much more. she was tortured to the fullest but despite of all those difficulties, women came ahead. She fought and won. Now a days a new trend of female foeticide id evident, by killing her, before she opens her eyes to see this beautiful world. This practice is more in villages. It may be because of the illiteracy, fond for male child and most important reason of female foeticide is poverty because a handsome amount is to be given to the family-in-laws at the time of marriage and secondly increasing evils against women like rapes, eve teasing, kidnapping etc. â€Å"AS A BIRD CANNOT FLY WITH ONE WING A FAMILY CANNOT RUN WITH A MALE ALONE† No one can neglect the contribution of women in the society. Today, whatever height man has achieved, women workout as a ladder For man. Infact,man is on the sky, sitting on the shoulder of woman . she is the foundation of every small to big task being undertaken. Female foeticide is an evil. Even god doesn’t forgive the persons involved in this crime. Eradicating this evil is not a one hand clap!! GOVT., NGO’S and the society have to make out the rule ant then strictly implement it.mother herself has to come ahead and avoid evil practices. A female can give a ray of life to the parents and a ray of hope to the society.what we have to do is to observe inform and prevent female foeticide. always remember : â€Å"GOD RECEIDES WHERE FEMALE IS WORSHIPPED†

Neoclassical Architecture and Its Foundations - 2065 Words

Neo-Classical Architecture and its Foundations Classical architecture is something that almost anyone can appreciate because there are traces of it everywhere. Greek and Roman cultures have had a major influence on todays architecture but it all stems from the classical architecture that was created centuries ago. The present example is Neoclassical Architecture which first appeared in 18th century France and in America, it was promoted by the legendary Thomas Jefferson as the Federal style. During the Neoclassical period, the ideas of balance, harmony, and idealism resurfaced and were once again popular. Now sit back and prepare to be taught a thing or two about architecture and where most of the main principles and ideas came†¦show more content†¦On a Doric column, the frieze contains a metope which is a section that is usually carved out and alternates with triglyphs. Triglyphs basically consist of a panel with three vertical grooves. Next in the entablature is the guttae, configured of a row of stone studs on the bottom of the entablature. Finally, the cornice makes up the top projecting section of the entablature. The Corinthian style was not used nearly as much as the Doric or Ionic styles by the classical Greeks. Its capital is extremely elaborate and decorated with acanthus leaves. Corinthian is by far the most ornate of all the Greek orders, and was also the latest to develop. It did not arrive on the scene in full roar until the middle of the 4th century BC. The oldest known example of the Corinthian style is the temple of Apollo at Bassae (c. 420 BC). However, the best known example of this style is the temple of Zeus at Athens. The second major influence on Neoclassical architecture is that of the ancient Romans. Roman architecture that still stands today is a testament to the ability and knowledge of a once great civilization that at one time covered three continents. The Romans were the pioneers of modern architectural eng ineering, they learned from the Greeks and then developed and expanded those skills. A unified form of architecture gave the Roman empire a unique style. Roman ruins can be foundShow MoreRelatedHow Was Political Grandeur And Dignity Articulated Through Early 19th Century Architecture?1286 Words   |  6 PagesHow was political grandeur and dignity articulated through early 19th century civic architecture in Paris? Use specific examples. In the wake of the French revolution and King Louis XVI of France’s execution in 1773, 19th century France was a time of immense political, economic and social uncertainty as new political parties competed for power and attempted to reform Frances governing systems. The civil architecture and forms that were built during this period reflect these upheavals, as commissionedRead MoreThe Enlightenment Period1218 Words   |  5 Pagesbuilding is very neoclassical both inside and out. There are four columns placed at the front entrance of the building and these are symbolic of the architectural elements of the enlightenment period. These columns, like most in the this period, were mathematically spaced apart to give the building symmetry and balance. The architects of this time were very focused on what the aesthetics of the building, rather than the emotions and meanings behind the design. The dome is another neoclassical feature, whichRead MoreThe Guggenheim Museum Bilbao Museum 978 Words   |  4 PagesEurope and the United States were generally planned in variations of the neoclassical style. But, the Guggenheim museum in Bilbao moved the heading of gallery outlines, which gave an extensive show venue to twentieth century and modern art, designed by the famous architect Frank Gehry. Architecture is important nowadays to the public, because it offers a physical surrounding environment in where we live in. Moreover, architecture is not only affected by the culture, but also by the economy of the countryRead MoreFrank Lloyd Wright: A Biography992 Words   |  4 Pagesnever punished him, but instead treated him as her equal, leading to a personality which would not accept that he was ever in error on anything (Secret 1998, page 62). Even as a young man, Wright knew that his interests lay in architecture and in the furthering of architecture as an art form. There is no documentation that Wright either completed high school or college after entering the Unive rsity of Wisconsin, although he would be awarded an honorary doctorate in 1955. By the age of twenty, WrightRead MoreForeign Trade with China1207 Words   |  5 Pagestrade with China dates all the way back to 206 BC – 220 AD during the Han Dynasty when the Silk Road was first established. Since then, the world has developed into an interconnected web of relationships that has linked empires across the globe. The foundation of these ties was formed upon the physical exchange of commodities such as porcelain and silk. These transactions have more than just satisfied the demands of eager consumers. They have led to an intricate network of contacts unifying East AsianRead MoreSimilarities Between Ancient And Ancient Civilizations950 Words   |  4 Pagesintellectual and educational domain as well as the applied. 13. Explain the Neoclassic style in painting and architecture in the eighteenth century, pointing out the Greco-Roman influences. Major sources of imagery were poses, gestures (hand and head movements), and settings from classical antiquity. Neoclassical painters often looked directly at ancient sculpture to model their figures and architecture on. People of the late 18th century were still interested moralizing scenes, but they wanted moralizingRead MoreSpanish Culture : Spain s Culture1629 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Roman Empire began to be formed in the Iberian Peninsula cultural form. In addition to language and religion, the influence of the Romans keeping up Spain across numerous areas of impact. But Spain s unique cultural progress made since the Foundation began to be rekongkiseuta. Muslim culture is a significant influence in the culture of Spain and its influence until the preserved 711 ~ 1400 years. Spanish is Latin and Arabic influences, while it received a lot of times when. In the middle agesRead MoreThe Age of Enlightenment Essay2088 Words   |  9 Pagesideas behind the Enlightenment were shared through multiple media such as literature and art, and those ideas provided the framework for the American and French Revolutions, as well as giving rise to multiple genres of art such as the Rococo and Neoclassical styles along with the Romanticist style that went against Enlightenment ideals. One reason as to why the Enlightenment came about according to German philosopher Immanuel Kant is â€Å"primarily in religious matters because our rulers have no interestRead MoreEssay on Standards and Perceptions of Male Bearty Throughout History2078 Words   |  9 Pagesrich, or both. The male themes seen throughout art include heroes, the supernatural, biblical figures, and idealized bodies, to name a few. Some of the time periods that illustrate the importance of male beauty and image are the Baroque period, Neoclassical, Romanticism, Realism, the 20th century, and the present. The Baroque era began in Europe during the 17th century and was a time of religious conflict. This style in art was modified by different cultures in Europe to express the ideals and beliefsRead MoreStudy Guide/Outline Chapter 11435 Words   |  6 Pagesand explain how this era evolved into the Reintegrative Era. 11. Identify and explain the five goals of corrections. 12. Define the theories of specific and general deterrence. CHAPTER OVERVIEW The purpose of this chapter is to create a foundation of history and theory, so that as current policies and practices are described, students can link those to theories and goals, in order to critically consider the overall effectiveness and public value of correctional policy. In this chapter, students

Essay on The Benefits of Diversity - 2250 Words

Organization Behavior The Benefits of Diversity Affirmative action has been the center of many heated debates for decades now. Affirmative action policies are used in the United States to give advantages to racial minorities in areas of education, employment, health care, or government funding. These minorities are underrepresented groups in society, especially when defined by race, ethnicity, or gender. Until the mid-1960s, legal barriers prevented blacks and other racial minorities in the United States from entering many jobs and educational institutions. Although women were rarely legally barred from jobs or education, many universities would not admit them and many employers would not hire them. The Civil Rights Act of†¦show more content†¦In todays global market, diversity is a must. Traditional barriers are being broken down, and for many companies cross border trade is essential for the companys success and growth. A decade ago Japan, Europe and North America were responsible for over 80% of global commerce , but new markets are opening up throughout the world and these have brought increased opportunity and also competition (Murray). In addition, rapid developments in technology such as the Internet have made new markets accessible to even the smallest of companies. The growing markets of Latin America, Asia and Central and Eastern Europe are now playing an ever more important role in global buying, selling and manufacturing. Diversity within a company can help the firm better understand the culture, customs, and the way of doing business internationally. Customers also prefer to do business with a workforce that which they can identify, and that have a strong commitment to their community. A company is also encouraged to adopt diversity programs to stay out of legal trouble. Many companies are under legislative mandates to be non-discriminatory in their employment practices. Non-compliance with Equal Employment Opportunity or Affirmative Action legislation can result in fines and/or loss of contracts with government agencies (Diversity Guidelines). InShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of Organizational Diversity And Diversity Essay1402 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational diversity is defined as the variety of differences amongst the people in a workplace with regard to background, education, organizational function, cognitive style, personality, age, tenure, ethnic group, gender, and race. It involves the perception people hold upon themselves and their work colleagues. Therefore, the most successful organizations tend to spend their resources on diversity management. Benefits of Organizational Diversity. The benefits of organizational diversity include aRead MoreBenefits Of Diversity And Inclusion1657 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Diversity and inclusion are hot topics in today’s business world. While treating individuals fairly and equally is a social imperative, it is also extremely important to the success of a business. With the changing demographics of society and its affect on the American workforce, organizations must truly embrace diversity and inclusion. â€Å"For companies to succeed in the global marketplace, they must make the most of the full range of their people. Companies must attract and retain theRead MoreBenefits And Risks Of Diversity1232 Words   |  5 Pagesconception, scope, benefits and risks of diversity in the workplace. Organisational psychologists consider that the perception of this concept has changed. Companies used to associate diversity with differences in terms of demographic aspects such as age, race, gender, sexual orientation or disabilities (Mor Barak 2011). However, this concept has changed with time. Currently, personality traits, cognitive and behavioural aspects are also taken into account when managing diversity (Thomas, 2006). FurthermoreRead MoreBenefits Of Diversity And Inclusiveness944 Words   |  4 PagesTo provide you with an opportunity to value and respect diversity and inclusiveness across all areas of work 1. What are some of the benefits of diversity in the workplace? Give at least five examples. 2. How can you respect diversity in all areas of work? Give at least three examples. 3 What does the behaviour of someone who respect inclusiveness look like? 4 Give three examples of inclusive principles. 1 Ans: The benefits of diversity in the workplace are ; a) High productivity: In the workplaceRead MoreThe Benefits And Challenges Of Diversity869 Words   |  4 Pagesresearch on the benefits and challenges of diversity in the workplace. Research Questions The literature review will answer four research questions: 1. What is diversity and what positive affects does it has in the workplace? 2. How should leaders manage the diversity in the workplace? 3. What are the challenges for leaders managing the workplace? 4. What are the benefits of the younger and older generation in the workplace? Literature Review Outline I. Need for This Research A. Diversity in the workplaceRead MoreBenefits and Cost of Valuing Diversity Essay629 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction Diversity has many meanings. Within the workplace, it can include differences in variables such as gender, age, marital status, religious belief, work experience, ethnicity, and educational background. In today’s global marketplace, managers are told that diversity should be valued in order to achieve the greatest competitive advantage, improve business performance and to enhance the progress and growth of the company. Diversity does not only have benefits. It also has disadvantagesRead MoreChallenge And Benefit Of Diversity For Leaders And Organizations1840 Words   |  8 PagesChallenge and Benefit of Diversity for Leaders and Organizations In America, many immigrants do not lose their culture identify like language, religions, and foods. People can identify other people who is Korean-American, Mexican-American, and Italian-American. It shows that many different cultures of people who live in United States, combine like a salad bowl. â€Å"Diversity describes race, gender, age, and other individual differences.† (Schermerhorn, 2013) Diversity is not only involves how peopleRead MoreEducational Benefits of Increasing Diversity on College Campuses1308 Words   |  6 Pagesinterest of diversity is a compelling one. However, both cases only touched the surface of studies on the benefits of such diversity in the college campus. During the Grutter hearing Justice Scalia posed the question of â€Å"how much diversity is enough?†, a question that is very important considering the fact that there is no set numerical answer, which would be a quota, and quotas are banned, but it is a question that needs to be addre ssed in order to explain the importance of diversity. One of theRead MoreIncrease of Diversity in Law Enforcement: Impacts and Benefits to Society1321 Words   |  5 PagesHow can society benefit if diversity is increased inside law enforcement? Introduction Diversity is an important factor in the law enforcement agencies. It is important to mention here that police and law enforcement agencies depend on the assistance and the help from the public whereas without the support of the public, police and law enforcement agencies cannot function properly. Most importantly, it has been seen that various members from a number of ethnic minorities do not support the activitiesRead MoreSocial and Ethical Values of Teamwork and Diversity: the Benefits of Diverse Teams1263 Words   |  6 PagesTeamwork and Diversity: The Benefits of Diverse Teams Organizational development between diverse teams gives the MNC the opportunity to enter new markets and develop new products, in ways that they would not have been able to if they did not have a diverse, multicultural perspective. The benefits to individuals and society are profound. There are ethical implications for being a good corporate sponsor: by this I mean that there is a potential for a win-win situation that benefits both parties

Essay on Contrasting The Religions of Christianity and...

The world has many different belief systems including Christianity and Buddhism. Both are similar and different in many ways. These religions are used in different places around the world and influenced the lives of its followers and the society in which they are practiced. Christianity is more diverse and complicated in its beliefs and totally depends on faith. In contrast, Hinduism is a belief more based on the simplicity of culture and tradition. Christianity was founded in the early first century. It is centered around the belief of the resurrection of Jesus Christ. It is the largest religion in the world with around 2 billion followers. Christianity is a monotheistic religion. This means that Christians believe in only one†¦show more content†¦Mary was a human being who gave birth to Jesus Christ through immaculate conception. Angels are believed to be spiritual beings created by God before the world was created. They exist to glorify God, minister to God, and to act as messengers to the people on Earth. In Christian belief, demons are angels who rebelled against God and were banished from the heavens. The leader of the rebellious angels is Satan. Heaven is believed to be a place in which believers have freedom from suffering and sin in the presence of God. Hell is a place in the afterlife where sinners are punished. This belief system influences people to live a good, spiritual life dedicated to God and to do good deeds in order to enter the kingdom of God called heaven. Worshipers follow the Ten Commandments such as â€Å"Thou shall not steal† and â€Å"Thou shall not kill† in order to be good Christians and be blessed by the Lord our Father. Christianity, if practiced literally, it would altogether eliminate wars and bring peace to the world. Christianity introduced schools in churches and monasteries to educate the poor and nobility. Christianity also influenced artists in the works that they produced. Music has also been influenced such as gospel and spiritual songs. The symbol of the Cross has been used in many different ways such as jewelry with a variety of metals and jewels (gold, silver, gems etc.). Hinduism is an ancient religion with no known founder or date ofShow MoreRelatedSimilarities Between Christianity And Hinduism1166 Words   |  5 PagesBy definition, religion is considered as, â€Å" the belief in and worship of a god or group of gods.â₠¬  Various religions can be found internationally and many are practiced worldwide. Both Christianity and Hinduism are very popular religions, and have a substantial amount of followers. In fact, Christianity and Hinduism are the largest, and third largest religions of the world, respectively. They have been tremendously influential on the world and have, arguably, shaped it into what it is today. DespiteRead MoreChristianity And Hinduism : A Theological Perspective1391 Words   |  6 PagesWhen looking at Christianity and Hinduism there are many ways to look at each religion from a theological perspective. This is why the best way to look at the broad view of these religions would be to analyze each by comparing and contrasting what each religion is about. The first point to look at would be at how Hinduism and Christianity are very similar in how they view the world. This can be seen in how they both strive to achieve a state of higher being whether it be with the eternal sta teRead MoreReligion And Its Impact On Religion Essay1277 Words   |  6 PagesReligion can be one of the most controversial topics in conversation due to difference of opinion not to mention beliefs. People have individualism, free will, and culture that determines the way to live life as well as perspectives about the afterlife. Wars have continued through centuries over religious perspectives and dissimilar beliefs even though there are many similar traits within major religions worldwide. Time continues to move although lives are lost over mistrust, hate and divide ofRead MoreCompare and Contrast Buddhism and Christianity1311 Words   |  6 PagesReligion is one of the oldest and most sacred traditions of the human species. Religion started off as a basic belief in an afterlife, and then further developed into tribal religions, which evolved into ancestral worship, then to polytheism, and lastly into monotheism. Monotheism in the form of Christianity is the largest religio n of the modern world, and it has similar beliefs to other world religions such as Buddhism. Christianity and Buddhism are similar because both religions teach aboutRead MoreSimilarities and Differences Between Christianity Hinduism1635 Words   |  7 PagesExamine and comment on contrasting standpoints about God and/or existence in relation to the topic you have investigated. Christianity and Hinduism seem to have profoundly different views in relation to God and/or existence. For example, creation within Christian belief is primarily ex-nihilo (out of nothing). God created everything in 7 days from the light and darkness, to the day of rest. This can be illustrated by reference to Genesis 1:1 – 2:4a â€Å"In the beginning God created the heavens andRead MoreThe Importance Of The Religion Of Hinduism And Hinduism849 Words   |  4 PagesReligion is an important component of culture and cultural identity. The strength of its practice could depend on the location. For the Religion of Hinduism, heavy influence is held all across India. Hinduism holds many contrasting values and practices from the religion of Christianity. The first notable instance of the Hindu religion when opposed to Christianity is that while the Christians believe in 3 deities (The Holy Trinity), The Hindu religion holds the belief that there are many deitiesRead MoreThe Social Question And Existential Question Of Religion793 Words   |  4 Pagesand the existential question of religions have always played a huge role in the implementation of individuals to communities and its connection to God’s or a divine figure’s plan in the universe. Therefore by comparing, contrasting and assessing the religions of Christianity and Hinduism this essay will seek to answer both the social question of human unity and the existential questions of human relation to a divine being’s plan for the universe. For Christianity the social question of how and whyRead MoreA Look into Hinduism Essay example763 Words   |  4 Pagesmakes Hinduism so strange. Hinduism lacks an uniting belief system and many people do not know faithfully what makes up the Hindu religious belief. After one goes in-depth concerning Hinduism, one must be familiar with the fundamental details about this difficult religion. Do you realize that almost 80 percent of the India people find themselves being Hindus? Hinduism is in addition known as the Sanatana-Dharma, which means everlasting religion. Hinduism is the third leading religion followingRead MoreAnalysis of Hinduism and Islam651 Words   |  3 Pages Amongst the various religions practice are Islam and Hinduism. Both of these religions are widely practiced by people who believe in the same ideals or concepts. These separate religions are similar to one another, but also contrasting. Common themes can be found between Hinduism and Islam, but the differences are predominant as well. Those who practice Islam are typically Arabic and are called Muslim’s. This practice is based off of the text called the Qur’an. The Qur’an is a bible of sorts toRead MoreThey Are Staring At Me And My Aunt Gold Teeth1226 Words   |  5 Pagesand other Sikhs. In â€Å"My Aunt Gold Teeth,† the reader experiences Gold Teeth s religious inspirations and conflicts through the viewpoint of her nephew. Considering these similarities, Naipaul contrasts the third person viewpoint, the meaning of religion, and the characteristics of wealth between the stories to express different aspects of Indian life. In both stories, Naipaul uses third person viewpoints; however, each story has a different third person perspective. Throughout â€Å"They Are Staring

Abortion Should Stay Legal Free Essays

string(253) " we accept that a mother can kill even her own child, how can we tell other people to not kill each other\? Any country that accepts abortion is not teaching its people to love, but to use any violence to get what they want† \(Barbier and Goree 98\)\." Abortion Should Stay Legal By Ariam Abraham Professor Maria Mollinedo English 102 9 December 2011 Abstract The topic of abortion is one of the most controversial of our times. It discusses human interaction where ethics, emotions and law come together. There are different points of views towards abortion. We will write a custom essay sample on Abortion Should Stay Legal or any similar topic only for you Order Now These views can be broken down into two categories, Pro-life and Pro-choice. Everyone has their own views and opinions; despite what several people may believe, abortion is neither right nor wrong. A pro-lifer is against abortion. Pro-lifers believe that from the moment of conception, the embryo is alive and this life imposes a moral obligation to preserve it. It has a brain and a heart; therefore it also has a right to life. Religion plays a big role on pro-life. Abortion is against the Bible and most  religious people  don’t believe in it either. On the other hand  a pro-choicer would feel that the decision to abort a pregnancy is that of the mothers’; and the state has no right to interfere. Abortion is a women’s  own right hand choice. Women should  not be forced to have babies they don’t want or aren’t ready for. They must be able to decide what happens to them and have a safe plus legal way of doing so. Women are in control of their own bodies and lives. Legislators have no right to interfere. Abortion allows us to choose what we want for ourselves, and it also helps us to follow family planning. We have every right to choose whether we want to have an abortion or not. Religious people don’t support it but since it is their belief and decision they should not force other people to be like them. It has been proven above that all their arguments were not fully true. The reasons why women have abortions vary. It may be a case of rape,  physical or psychological condition. A choice must need to be available  to prevent the birth of unwanted children, to avoid damage to the child as  well as to safeguard the emotional and physical health of women. Abortion is a tough choice and the decision  should be a personal one, without interference of government or special  interest groups. Outline I. Abortion is a very controversial subject that has been continually argued over for the past few years and probably for many years to come. A. Abortion is the destruction of a fetus or unborn child while the child is still in the mother’s womb. B. Abortion in the United States has been legal in every state since the United States Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade, on January 22, 1973 C. There are two sides to abortion, the pro-life and prochoice. a. Pro-life are people who are against abortion. b. Pro-choice are people who support abortion. II. Religion and philosophy thinking shouldn’t affect the law of abortion. A. A fetus is not a person. B. Pro-life people shouldn’t push other people to believe their religion. C. The pro-life’s arguments against abortion are provn to be false. a. Women having an abortion have been decreasing since 1973. III. Abortion playes a big role in some cases. A. A pregnancy from rape is better to be avoided. B. Incest children face a lot of difficulties in being accepted by their society. C. Woman should have an abortion if her pregnancy is uncompitible with her health IV. Abortion has allowed us to choose what we want for ourselves, and it also helps us to follow family planning. A. New  laws  that are being developed make it harder and harder for women to  deal  with the problems of pregnancies. Abortion is a very controversial subject that has been continually argued over for the past few years and probably for many years to come. The main controversy is should abortion be legalized? Before we get to the answer, let’s first define the word abortion. According to Tom Head â€Å"Abortion is the international terminology of a pregnancy after conception. It allows women to put an end to their pregnancies, but involves killing the undeveloped embryo or fetus† (1). This destruction of a fetus or unborn child while the child is still in the mother’s womb can be done by almost anyone from the mother herself to even to abortionist by clinics set up especially for this purpose. Since abortion involves killing a fetus, it is considered as a sensitive subject to discuss, because every person around the world have a different view and opinion about it. As history tells us â€Å"Abortion in the United States has been legal in every state since the United States Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade, on January 22, 1973† (Lewis 1). Since then, there have been many debates among the citizens whether the law is right or wrong. There are two sides to this abortion topic the pro-life, which are those who are against abortion, and the pro-choice are those who believe it is the woman’s right to choose if she wants to have an abortion or not. These two groups offer different solutions to a problem. The pro-life solution is to have the child and basically live with it. They believe abortion is not an answer. The pro-choice solution is abortion because of reasons they feel are appropriate. Although abortion is morally and ethically wrong, should it be legal for victims of rape or incest who have no other alternative? To see the Americans view on abortion, a popular TV channel in the United States did a survey on over 1133 people over the age of 18 in 2004. Generally, 57 percent in this ABCNEWS poll say abortion should be legal in all or most cases, while 43 percent voted against it. I will point out the argumentative reasons for abortion to stay legalized through out the paper. Many famous and respected people have talked about abortion, like  Mother Teresa who was the winner of Nobel Prize for Peace in 1979. She argues, â€Å"If we accept that a mother can kill even her own child, how can we tell other people to not kill each other? Any country that accepts abortion is not teaching its people to love, but to use any violence to get what they want† (Barbier and Goree 98). You read "Abortion Should Stay Legal" in category "Papers" Since Mother Teresa was very religious women what she said make sense but I totally disagree with what she said. Killing a fetus is not the same as killing a person. The word â€Å"murder† is often used by pro-lifers to describe abortion. Murder means  deliberate and unjustified killing of another person   containing intent. How can anybody see an evil intent in a woman’s decision  to interrupt pregnancy if it is a result of rape or incest? A woman cannot  bear the thought of having a child that would be a constant reminder of  what had happened on such and such a day, such and such number of years ago. She doesn’t want to kill a baby; she wants to interrupt the growth of an  embryo so that it will not become a baby. She interrupts potential life. But potential life is just that, potential. There’s an argument until these days that a fetus is a person that is indistinguishable from the rest of us and that it deserves rights equal to women’s. On this question there is a tremendous spectrum of religious, philosophical, scientific, and medical opinion. It’s been argued for centuries. Fortunately, our society has recognized that each woman must be able to make this decision, based on her own conscience. To impose a law defining a fetus as a person, granting it rights equal to or superior to a woman’s thinking, feeling, conscious human being is arrogant and absurd. It only serves to diminish women. A fetus is like a body part in women’s body not an individual person and can only be recognized as a person since the day it is born. It is not registered as a citizen in the government’s book and is not even considered as existing person. So killing a fetus can be called as getting rid of a body part. And, it is not the government’s duty to teach the citizens how to love. People learn about love from their parents, from their religion and relatives and society. Government cant build a law based on how it is going to affect the behavior of the citizens. It is like we can’t have a war because it is not nice to kill people. What if another country attacks us? Are we going to sit and wait until we die? We should protect out country and our selves and the same goes with abortion, we have to protect ourselves if we see harm is coming to us. On the other hand, Abortion is a difficult issue when it is viewed from a religious point  of view. On one hand there is the Commandment against murder, which begs  the question of whether a fetus is a human or not. There is a passage in  the Bible, which deals specifically with the act of causing   woman to  abort a pregnancy. In Exodus 21:22-25 we read:   † And if men struggle and  strike a woman with child so that she has a miscarriage, yet there is no  further injury, he shall be fined as the woman’s husband may demand of him,  and he shall pay as the judges decide. But if there is any further injury,  then you shall appoint as a penalty life for life, eye f or eye, tooth for  tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, burn for burn, wound for wound, bruise  for bruise†( New Revised Standard Version, Exodus 21:22). In this passage we find a woman losing her child by being stuck by men who are fighting. Rather than it being a capital offense,  however it is looked as a civil matter, with the father – to – be taking  the participants to court for a settlement. But, as we read on, if the  woman is killed, a â€Å"life for a life,† then the men who killed her shall be  killed. Some have claimed that the life for a life part is talking about  the baby, but in this passage we also read, â€Å"Tooth for a tooth†. Fetuses/babies do not have teeth when they are born. Thus we can see that  if the baby is lost, it does not require a death sentence – it is not  considered murder. But if the woman is lost, it is considered murder and  is punished by death. I do not want to say that abortion is Biblical, but I  just want to show that there can be arguments on both sides and a judgment  against people in God’s name should be stopped. As we have seen above every individual have their own opinion on abortion, depending on their religion and beliefs. If the pro- life group doesn’t support abortion they don’t have to do it. The law doesn’t force you to have abortion in any case. So people against abortion due to their religions or beliefs shouldn’t protest against abortion because it is their personal preference. Religious ideology is no foundation for any law. Freedom of religion is guaranteed to any citizen in the United States, so why would the beliefs and values of one religion mandate actual laws for all citizens? It would be unfair, unjust and  immoral. We do not have laws against eating fish, nor do we have laws that declare it is legal to sell one’s daughter, rape someone, or keep a person as slave -all things that are promoted in religious text. There are also few pro-life people that claim women are using abortion as a birth control. By that they mean women are going to be irresponsible and will have unprotected sex since abortion is legal. This is proven to be untrue by Ms Heather Boonstra. She is a Senior Public Policy Associate in the Guttmacher Institute’s Washington, DC. On the article Abortion in Women’s Lives that she published in 2006 she states, â€Å"from time to time the number of women having abortion is decreasing † (3). Here is here summarized graph. [pic] As we can see in the graph the number of women having abortion has been going down since 1981, which proves that women are using abortion in special cases not as birth control. Other than that, abortion plays a big role in some special cases. We don’t hear it that often but there is sexual intercourse between two people called incest. In definition â€Å"Incest is sexual intercourse between close relatives that is illegal in the jurisdiction where it takes place and is conventionally considered a taboo. The term may apply to sexual activities between: individuals of close ‘blood relationship’; members of the same household; step relatives related by adoption or marriage; and members of the same clan or lineage† (Stritof). Even though it is between families it can be taken as sexual harassment if it is between an adult and an under age. It is not accepted in out society. People consider it as the nastiest thing that human being would do. If by any chance someone becomes a victim of incest, their family and friends will isolate them for their rest of their lives. Likewise, when a girl is raped, she feels dreadful. The trauma of being raped could break her down and make her depressed and that is only the beginning. After she gets raped, in her own eyes, she has no respect or self-esteem for herself and then comes the embarrassment. Her reputation in the society will be damaged permanently and everyone will look down upon her. Even her own family’s reputation will be tainted. If she is forced to carry an unwanted pregnancy, the result is unwanted children. After the unwanted baby is born, the childhood that he will get will not be the best one because of how it was originated. At home, the raped woman would not be a good mother and would be cruel to the baby. Therefore, because of this abnormal type of childhood, when the child grows up and becomes a teenager, he will often turn to crime and be involved in gangs and drugs. For example, 40% of African-American kids grow up by a single mother due to unplanned sex or poverty. And 20% of those kids drop out in middle school (Hanson 141). Once a kid stops going to school he or she have a high chance of doing illegal things in order to get money. They are among society’s most tragic cases, often uncared-for, unloved, brutalized, and abandoned. Those children have a very strong chance of getting hurt or getting arrested or in a worse case scenario, be killed. All this could be prevented if the mother was allowed to get an abortion early on and she would not have to face all the shame and embarrassment for herself and her family. This is not good for children, for families, or for the country. Children need love and families who want and will care for them. Therefore, women who are raped or victims of incest should not be forced to carry out a pregnancy. Odds are that 1 in 3 women will be victims of sexual violence in her lifetime (Mahkorn and Dolan182). Does that mean that 33% of all women should be forced to carry out a pregnancy from this violation? Those people always don’t tell that they have been in that situation until the woman becomes pregnant and all her relatives find out. The baby they have is going to go through a lot since he is born between two family members. Isolation, bulling, and it is most possible that he will involve in illegal medicines or drags just to put himself in the mood since he is most of the time unhappy. These are few of the bad things the child will face, as he got older. This poor baby will have a lot of problems just because of his parents made a mistake. Why would their child take the punishment for what his parents did? Abortion is the only choice here. Many would argue that these women could endure the pregnancy, spending nearly a year of her life simply re-living the rape and its effects over and over again, to give up a baby at the end of it for adoption. However, we all are aware of the fact that there are millions of unwanted children awaiting adoption as we speak who remain unclaimed; in fact, UNICEF estimates that there are 210 million orphans in the world right now. If they have no one willing to be their parent or guardian, why would another baby have a better chance? In other word abortion will help in decreasing world’s population. Similarly, World health organization posted an interesting article about women and pregnancy saying, â€Å"Every minute, at least one woman dies from complications related to pregnancy or childbirth – that means 529 000 women a year. In addition, for every woman who dies in childbirth, around 20 more suffer injury, infection or disease – approximately 10 million women each year† (10). It is shocking that a lot of women die during pregnancy. People against abortion think that a woman must have the baby once she is pregnant, but that is ridiculous. There are many women in a situation that they can’t have a baby. Women have to avoid pregnancy if she has some kind of diseases that gets worse with pregnancy, because it could affect her health or the baby’s health. For example a breast cancer women-getting chemotherapy should not get pregnant because she does not know the effect of chemotherapy on the outcome for the fetus. In this case if a women gets pregnant accidentally she should think about her health first and her baby’s health second, and have an abortion before the fetus gets older. Most people now agree that if the mother’s life is in danger abortion  is acceptable. It seems unreasonable to let both die when one can be saved. There are many  other situations in which abortion can be morally  justified. One thing is obvious. These pregnancies were not planned and  they are unwanted. Children born to these mothers are â€Å"biological  accidents†. In my opinion it is sinful to bring innocent and defenseless  children into the world when they  will not be cared for. All over the  globe these are children starving, being raped, dying, being beaten up  because they’re unwanted. They suffer abuses from which they never  recover. Medical researchers also show that unwanted children whose mothers  refused an abortion suffer from serious psychological disturbances  throughout their life (Morgentaler, 52). Another reason why I believe that availability of choice is vital for  women is that if a woman decides to have an abortion, she will do anything to end her pregnancy. This is the reality. There is no such thing as a one hundred-per cent effective contraceptive which of course results in  unwanted pregnancies. From the illegal days we know many ways in which  women aborted themselves. Many women would introduce caustic detergent  substances into themselves,  producing major burns of the vaginal wall and   systemic poisoning. Others would insert a tablet of potassium, which led to  serious lesions. Number of women tried to dislodge their pregnancies by  introducing knitting needles, coat hangers, or other metal or wooden  objects into their uteruses. Some women threw themselves down flights of  stairs, and some pumped air into the uterus by means of a small pump used  to blow up bicycle tires. Illegal abortions were performed by people with  no or little  medical knowledge, in back rooms, in a non-hygienic  environment. All this led to tremendous number of deaths but did not stop  the abortions. Anyone who thinks that outlawing abortion makes abortion go  away is a fool. It makes it dangerous and it makes it shameful. Women  will always get abortions. And if we are truly concerned about human life  and if this is not just a hollow slogan for us we should make abortion safe  and clean procedure instead of trying to make women feel guilty. Additionally, making abortion legal can decrease illegal abortion. Let’s look. The following chart was used on the floor of the US Senate during the tumultuous debate on abortion in 1981. It was compiled from official U. S. tatistics. As we can see on the graph, abortion was first legalized on 1967 and we can clearly see that after that year the line started to drop sharply which shows that the death of women due to illegal abortion decreased. Simply, Laws against abortion do not stop abortion; they simply make it less safe. The number of women who get abortions does not change when it goes from being legal to illegal, or vice versa. The only thing that changes is more women die. [pic] Opponents of abortion seem to think that women who choose to have  abortions typically do so thoughtlessly. They do not know that a decision  in itself is already agonizing  and a very painful thing for women. But  can you really understand the issue of abortion unless you have been in the  situation of possibly having one? What some people do not seem to  understand is that abortion is not an easy way out. This issue concerned  with badness, and if there is badness there is bitterness and worseness. Woman herself has to make a decision, on which is which. Many people try to  force their beliefs on others and judge them for their actions. These  people need to judge themselves before they start to judge others. There is a question that should be answered. Should government be involved in personal matters such as abortion? In my opinion government should not interfere with citizens personal problems. Having an abortion is the same as having a kidney surgery. Once a doctor tells you in what condition your kidney is, it is your decision to have a surgery depending on what the doctor said. Even your kidney is in the worst condition you still have a choice to stay without medication. That doesn’t consider as a suicide by the law. It also goes the same with abortion. Would you allow the government to tell you if you could have a kidney transplant or a blood transfusion? Of course not, the fact that we even consider, let alone allow, governments to regulate a medical procedure is both illogical and foolish. Depending on your health, your baby’s health, and your baby’s future you should have the right to decide weather you want to have an abortion or not. Therefore my theory is that people who spend so much time, energy, and money on anti-abortion campaigns should instead spend it on the precious children they say need saving so much—the ones who are alive and parentless. Imagine if all the funds spent on all those billboards and flyers and campaigns were instead either spent adopting or donating to places that are overrun with orphaned children, perhaps some actual credibility would be given to these people who claim to love children so much. Also, there is the fact of the matter of the more than one million homeless youth in America alone. The number one factor for a child being homeless is physical or sexual abuse at home. Perhaps these child-lovers should step in and care for these already-born children as well. If those people really want to stop abortion, they should turn to methods that  do  work. These include comprehensive sex education and safe, affordable contraceptives. Unfortunately, as illogical as it sounds, the people who are most against abortion are also often most against these preventative measures. If they truly wanted to reduce the number of abortions that occur, they would embrace these methods. Additionally, if the Supreme Court ever declared abortion illegal, only the poor will be adversely affected. The rich will purchase a round-trip ticket to one of the European Countries, have an abortion there and return. The poor, do not have enough sometimes even to ay for the bus fare to go downtown. The impact of such a law would be disproportionate. This is in fact what happened before 1973 (before Roe), when abortion was illegal. We must learn from history otherwise we are condemned to repeat it. People who oppose abortion do so usually on religious and moral grounds. They can continue with their moral standards, no one is asking them to have an abortion in the eve nt of rape or incest or some other medical reason. We just ask to be let alone. There is nothing more private to a woman then the right to regulate her own fertility and no one has a right to tell her otherwise. Not in U. S. A. not in this land of the free which guarantees individual and constitutional rights? Choice is a constitutional right, the Supreme Court says so. Michael Monahan is the author of non-profit organization called the Heritage House and in is article â€Å"Illegal Abortion† he says, â€Å"I’d still worry that if you forbid abortion, it will just go back to back-alley but butchery and lots of mothers dying. † (1). I totally agree with him, stopping abortion will be a totally disaster and we will see more death of women due to illegal abortions. As I mentioned through out the paper, abortion should be the mother and the father choice to do, not the law or the government, because it is important when the mother can have a baby due to health problem, when the baby have no future, when a pregnancy occurs under a circumstances that is not accepted on the society ETC. New  laws  that are being developed make it harder and harder for women to  deal  with the problems of pregnancies. If  laws  were adapted leaving the choice up to the families of the newly conceived, it would make their lives and their choices a lot easier. My personal belief is that each woman should have a right to decide  whether she wants to terminate an unwanted pregnancy. For reasons of  women’s right to self-determination, protection of their health,  adequate  care of children which are born and in order to prevent child abuse and  mental disease, easy access to abortion is a must. Most abortions occur  because contraception failed, because of a rape or because of a serious  medical condition  of the mother, which could lead to her death. In these  situations abortion is often the only way that prevents the birth of an  unwanted child or saves a mothers life. We have seen that abortion is really important to the society. It has allowed us to choose what we want for ourselves, and it also helps us to follow family planning. We have every right to choose whether we want to have an abortion or not. Religious people don’t support it but since it is their belief and decision they should not force other people to be like them. It has been proven above that all their arguments were not fully true. The reasons why women have abortions vary. It may be a case of rape,  physical or psychological condition. A choice must need to be available  to prevent the birth of unwanted children, to avoid damage to the child as  well as to safeguard the emotional and physical health of women. Preservation of life seems to be rather a slogan than a genuine goal of the  anti-abortion forces; what they really want is control. Control over our  behavior and power over women. Abortion is a tough choice and the decision  should be a personal one, without interference of government or special  interest groups. Losing safe and legal abortion would mean reducing women  to childbearing vessels. It would mean turning our backs on the  technology we have, and it will also devalue women as independent human  beings. It would bring more meaningless deaths from the illegal and self-  induced abortions and more pain for women. Works Cited Barbier, Jean, and Georges Goree. Mother Teresa: The Love of Christ. New York: Harper ; Row, 1982. Print. Boonstra, Heather. Key Questions for Consideration as a New Federal Teen Pregnancy Prevention Initiative is Implemented. 1st. ed. 13. Washington DC: Guttmacher Policy Review, 2010. Print. Hanson T. , McLanahan, S. and Thomson, E. (1996). Double Jeopardy: Parental Conflict and Stepfamily Outcomes for Children. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58(1): 141-154. Print. Head, Tom. â€Å"What is Abortion? † Web. 10 Dec. 2011. Lewis, Jone. â€Å"Abortion History† Web. 10 Dec. 2011. Mahkorn ; Dolan, â€Å"Sexual Assault Pregnancy. † In  New Perspectives on Human Abortion,  University Publisher of Amer. , 1981, pp. 182-199 Monhan, Michael. Illegal Abortion. Web. Morgentaler, Henry. Abortion and Contraception. 1st ed. Beaufort Books, 1982. Print. Stritof, Bob. Prohibited Marraige. Web. The New Oxford Annotated Bible: With the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, New Revised Standard Version. Michael D. Coogan, editor. New York: Oxford UP, 2001. Print. WHO. District Planning Tool for Maternal and Newborn Health Strategy Implementation. 6-13. Print. Bibliography Barbier, Jean, and Georges Goree. Mother Teresa: The Love of Christ. New York: Harper ; Row, 1982. Print. Boonstra, Heather. Key Questions for Consideration as a New Federal Teen Pregnancy Prevention Initiative is Implemented. 1st. ed. 13. Washington DC: Guttmacher Policy Review, 2010. Print. CNN – Obama: Pro-choice, Not Pro-Abortion Ad [Video]. (2008). 12 Nov. 2011 Hanson T. , McLanahan, S. and Thomson, E. (1996). Double Jeopardy: Parental Conflict and Stepfamily Outcomes for Children. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 58(1): 141-154. Print. Head, Tom. â€Å"What is Abortion? † Web. 10 Dec. 2011. Lewis, Jone. â€Å"Abortion History† Web. 10 Dec. 2011. Mahkorn ; Dolan, â€Å"Sexual Assault Pregnancy. † In  New Perspectives on Human Abortion,  University Publisher of Amer. , 1981. Print. Monhan, Michael. Illegal Abortion. Web. Morgentaler, Henry. Abortion and Contraception. 1st ed. Beaufort Books, 1982. Print. Reagan, L. J. When Abortion was a Crime, Women, Medicine, and Law in the United States, 1867-1973. Univ of California Pr, 1999. Print. Sproul, R. C. Abortion, a Rational Look at an Emotional Issue. Reformation Trust Publishing, 2010. Print. Stritof, Bob. Prohibited Marraige. Web. 24 November 2011. The New Oxford Annotated Bible: With the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books, New Revised Standard Version. Michael D. Coogan, editor. New York: Oxford UP, 2001. Print. WHO. District Planning Tool for Maternal and Newborn Health Strategy Implementation. 6-13. Print. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. â€Å"Abortion† Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 22 July 2004. Web. 10 Aug. 2011 How to cite Abortion Should Stay Legal, Papers